A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of its host. Federal republic of nigeria, hereby specially acknowledges the contributions of the various organizations and their staff towards the successful development and production of this articulate document. Pdf one third of the worlds malaria deaths occur in nigeria. Pdf assessing the progress of malaria control in nigeria. Who estimates 216 million cases of malaria occurred in 2010, 81% in the african region. Progress would continue towards attainment of the national vision of a malariafree malawi. Malaria transmission can be reduced by using mosquito nets, insect repellents and by draining standing water.
Ratings for the malaria control booster project mcbp for nigeria were as follows. This strategy included a longterm vision for malaria control in which sustained high coverage with malaria prevention and treatment interventions would. Malaria prevention, treatment, and control strategies nih. It is believed to be the most reported disease condition among patients attending health facilities. National malaria control programme welcome to nmcp. Malaria is a difficult disease to control largely due to the highly adaptable nature of the vector and parasites involved.
Epidemiology and control profile of malaria in nigeria. Health, and is implemented by the fmoh national malarial control programme. Plasmodium vivax which is more prevalent in low endemic areas, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium falciparum which is the most dangerous of the four. My ministry has tirelessly worked on developing a strategic framework that is consistent with our vision to improve life expectancy and. Presently there is an upward trend in the distribution of itns to the local community 2.
Federal ministry of health, national malaria control. Evaluation of malaria surveillance system in kano state. Its human impact, challenges, and control strategies. This study revealed that nigeria s battle against malaria has a long way to go. The 2017 nigeria malaria epidemiological profile builds upon the former and uses newly available prevalence data from the 2015 mis and the most recent routine health data, including llin distribution data and vector sentinel surveillance data from nigerias district health information system 2 dhis 2. The current national malaria strategic plan 20142020 aims at achieving the vision of a malariafree nigeria. In line with that emphasis, the national malaria control program has just finished the development of the national malaria strategic plan 20172022 with the goal of scaling up malaria interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality by 50% in 2022. Nigeria nigeria is the most populous country in africa with an estimated population of 191 million. Malaria chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc. Malaria prevention, treatment, and control strategies. Since nigeria is the most populous country in africa, the success of its malaria control programs will have a significant. Malaria remains the most important public health parasitic disease and a major global health problem with the greatest burden in subsaharan africa.
Adherence to antimalarial drug policy among doctors in delta. The prevalence of malaria is more dependent on the abundance of the female anopheles mosquito. The major challenges to malaria control and prevention. Nigeria also has the ambition to achieve malaria elimination and has rebranded the national malaria control programme nmcp to national malaria elimination programme nmep. At the april 2000 malaria summit hosted in nigeria, a pledge was made by african countries to reduce or waive taxes and tariffs for mosquito nets, insecticides, antimalarial drugs, and other tools used for malaria control. Nigeria malaria control booster project english the. Nigeria malaria fact sheet united states embassy in nigeria malaria worldwide malaria affects 3. A widespread and potentially lethal human infectious disease, at its peak malaria infested every continent, except antarctica. In nigeria, it is highly endemic particularly affecting young children and pregnant mothers. This strategy included a long term vision for malaria control in which sustained high coverage with malaria prevention and treatment interventions would. The world malaria report 2018 estimates that there were 219 million cases of malaria in 2017.
Challenges to achieving malaria elimination in nigeria. Following the forum, cama was lauded for creating an open space for companies, government, donor agencies and development partners to discuss malaria issues and identify concrete actions to move forward. However, malaria may be a common illness in areas where it is transmitted and therefore the diagnosis of malaria should routinely be considered for any febrile person who has. Were creating vaccines, finding treatments, inventing faster diagnostic tools, piloting new approaches, and putting data to work in completely new ways to prevent and stop outbreaks. Since the inception of the roll back malaria initiative, malaria. Nigeria is attributed in part to malaria gbadegesin 2001. Every year, nigeria accounts for almost a quarter of all malariarelated deaths in africa. Camas work in nigeria is done in close collaboration with the national malaria. Adherence to antimalarial drug policy among doctors in. Government of nigeria acts for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Through roll back malaria programme, nigeria is committed to drastically reducing by half the social and economic burden of malaria by 2010. Prevalence of malaria in nigeria over the years, malaria has remained one of the leading causes of death in nigeria. It is the only journal that publishes exclusively articles on malaria and, as such, it aims to bring together knowledge from the different specialties involved in this very broad discipline, from the bench to the bedside and to the field.
It accounts for about 50 percent of outpatient consultation, 15 per cent of hospital admission, and also prime among the top three causes of death in the country national malaria control plan of action 1996 to 2001. The nigeria centre for disease control ncdc was established in the year 2011 in response to the challenges of public health emergencies and to enhance nigerias preparedness and response to epidemics through prevention, detection and control of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Because malaria cases are seen relatively rarely in north america, misdiagnosis by clinicians and laboratorians has been a commonly documented problem in published reports. This study revealed that nigerias battle against malaria has a long way to go. Furthermore, the percentage of the population with access to an itn increased from 33% in 2010 to 57% in 2018. The federal government policy on malaria control in nigeria focuses on the following main strategies. Agency for international development, under ehp project 26568cesh. Malaria is responsible for about 500 million cases and one million deaths each year. The national malaria control programme is responsible for coordinating. Prior to that, malaria was integrated into primary health care. Nigeria is currently in the malaria control phase, but efforts are being intensified to transit to elimination phase.
Nigeria malaria operational plan fy 2019 presidents malaria. The approach to elimination or control of malaria includes these basics, along with improvements in tracking of human illness and parasite surveillance, and effective resource delivery. Nigeria malaria control booster project english abstract. The 10 highest burden african countries saw an estimated 3.
Lit environmental health project contract hrni00990001100. Malaria chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. The national malaria control program nmcp distributed about 17 million itns during 20052007, enough to cover only 23% of the. Over 90% of all malaria deaths still occur in africa where it kills over half a million children less than 5 years of age each year. National response to the control and prevention of malaria in 1997, nigeria adopted its first national malaria control policy that identified malaria control as a priority health programme. If the information is available, trends in malaria incidence and other data are considered in the context of malaria control activities within a given country or other mitigating factors such as natural disasters, wars, and other events that may affect the ability to control malaria or accurately count and report it. In line with this, several strategic plans have been developed to control this menace.
Malaria journal is aimed at the scientific community interested in malaria in its broadest sense. Reflections on malaria control and research in nigeria. Department of public health technology, federal university of technology, owerri, nigeria. The abuja declaration on roll back malaria in africa. But beyond the change in nomenclature are important issues and challenges that need to be confronted in order to achieve malaria elimination. The history of malaria stretches from its prehistoric origin as a zoonotic disease in the primates of africa through to the 21st century. Between 20072014, the carter centers malaria control program operated in ethiopia, nigeria, dominican republic, and haiti. Nigeria malaria operational plan fy 2018 presidents malaria. Malaria has been successfully eliminated or greatly reduced in certain areas. The disease, malaria, is a major health problem in the country, with stable transmission throughout the country. People with malaria often experience fever, chills, and flulike illness. The national malaria elimination programme nmep, with its roll back malaria rbm partners, has, in the last. In 2014, the malaria control program began implementation of a national malaria strategic plan to achieve preelimination status less than 5000 cases per 00 and reduce malaria related. In addition to representatives from the ministries of health moh and carter centerassisted programs in ethiopia and nigeria, we were joined by donors and partners.
The symptoms of malaria infection are headache, vomiting, letharginess, abdominal discomfort etc. Jul 08, 2016 this study revealed that nigerias battle against malaria has a long way to go. Many thanks to the team of experts from the roll back malaria partnership in nigeria viz world health. Malaria is a mosquitoborne disease caused by a parasite. Prevention of malaria is currently based on two complementary methods. Malaria is a major public health problem in nigeria where it accounts for more cases and deaths than any other country in the world. Mobilizing nigerias private sector for malaria control. Today, the center maintains malaria activities in the dominican republic and haiti through the hispaniola initiative, a binational effort to eliminate both malaria and lymphatic filiariasis from the countries shared island.
A high prevalence of falciparum malaria was reported among rural populations in kano state. Malaria symptoms can develop as early as 7 days after being bitten by an infectious mosquito in a malariaendemic area and as late as several months or more after exposure. Malaria control is historically the oldest control programme in nigeria. Malaria transmission is mesoendemic in kano state, nigeria with a prevalence of 32%. Malaria is a major public health problem in nigeria where it accounts for more deaths than in any other country in the world. Its prevention and treatment have been targeted in science and medicine for hundreds of years. Malaria and geography in 2015, malaria was more prevalent in the north west at 37% than in the southsouth region at 19%5 due to the high amount of rainfall in the southsouth region of nigeria, it is expected that malaria transmission will be higher, as rainfall provide breeding sites for mosquitoes. Half of people at risk of malaria in subsaharan africa are sleeping under an itn. Perception and practice of malaria prevention and treatment among. While effective tools have been and will continue to be developed to combat malaria, inevitably, over time the parasites and mosquitoes will evolve means to circumvent those tools if used in isolation or used ineffectively. Malaria was once common in the united states and southern europe, but vector control programs, in conjunction with the monitoring and treatment of infected humans, eliminated it from those regions.
One third of the worlds malaria deaths occur in nigeria. The national malaria elimination programme nmep in nigeria is the body responsible for formulating and facilitating policy and guidelines, coordinate the activities of partners and stakeholders on malaria control activities, provide technical support to states malaria programs, lgas and stakeholders. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify innovative and integrated control measures to reduce malaria prevalence significantly in these communities. Every year, nigeria accounts for almost a quarter of all malaria related deaths in africa. Agencies like unicef and the federal ministry of health are propagating the distribution of these effective and long lasting itns to primary health centers where its. It is doubtful whether nigeria will meet the malaria control target of the. World malaria report 2011 3 chapter 2 goals, targets, policies and strategies for malaria control and elimination this chapter summarizes the internationally agreed goals for malaria control and the policies and strategies recommended by who to achieve them. Malaria symptoms can develop as early as 7 days after being bitten by an infectious mosquito in a malaria endemic area and as late as several months or more after exposure. Furthermore, the percentage of the population with access to. Goals, targets, policies and strategies for malaria. Nigeria faces a promising future with regard to malaria control and the reduction of the illhealth and death caused by malaria.
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